товарищества и союзы в китае

At that time, Dorpat University had a dual nature in that it belonged to both the German (by the language of instruction) and to the Russian (by administration) universities. The University was intellectually very open, with favourable conditions for the professoriate and for students to move around. The highest level specialists of that time from Berlin and Paris were being invited to give lectures, and an active exchange of new research literature was maintained.

Dorpat University is also famous for being one of the cradles of Armenian studies in the world. This is due to a brilliant generation of Armenian romantics and enlighteners who graduated from the University in the 1840-50s, contributing a great deal to the spread of the importance of Armenian written sources in the study of the Middle East. A prominent Armenian publisher and Orientalist, Stepanos Nazarian (Степан Исаевич Назарян, 1812-1879) graduated from the Department of Philosophy in 1840. In 1849 he became a Professor of Persian and Arab literature at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages (Лазаревский институт восточных языков) in Moscow, which was the central institution during the first half of the 19th century for the training of Russian civil servants and interpreters in the Armenian, Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Georgian languages, as well as in their history and culture. Kerope Patkanian (Керопэ Петрович Патканов, 1833 1889), an alumnus in 1852, became a Professor at St Petersburg University by obtaining a Masters degree in 1863, for his study on the history of the Sassanid Dynasty, from Armenian sources.

Among the outstanding students of the Department was Robert Christian Lenz (Роберт Христианович Ленц, 1808-1836), who upon graduating from Dorpat University studied Sanskrit and Oriental Literature in Berlin, published a number of works on Indian studies , and in 1836 began teaching Sanskrit and comparative philology at the Imperial St Petersburg University. Unfortunately, his brilliant career was terminated by his untimely death.

The University of Tartu was established in 1632 by Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632), King of Sweden, as the Academia Gustaviana, thus being one of the oldest universities in the region. It was closed because of the surrender to the Russian forces in 1710, and then reopened in 1802 as the Imperial Dorpat University under the reform-minded Alexander I, Emperor of Russia. As in other countries of Europe, the teaching of Oriental languages began with that of the Semite languages at the Department of Exegetical Theology and was connected with Johann Wilhelm Friedrich Hezel (von Hetzel, 1754-1824), who was teaching Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac from 1802-1820, Samuel Gottlieb Henzi (1794-1829), Professor of Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit from 1820-1829, Adolf Friedrich Kleinert (1802-1834), Professor of Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldaic from 1829-1834, and Carl Friedrich Keil (1807 1888), Professor of Arabic, Syriac, Chaldaic and Sanskrit from 1838-1858.

The history of Oriental Studies in the Baltic region reaches much farther back in time than the history of the three countries themselves, which presently are referred to in short-hand as the Baltic states. The recent history of independent Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania began as late as 1991, but the culture, science and education of these 3 countries incorporates the indigenous heritage of the region on the border of Eastern and Western Europe. The tradition of Oriental Studies in the Baltic region is linked with the Evangelical and Jesuit schools and the theological faculties of the oldest classical universities in the area, in Tartu (Estonia) and Vilnius (Lithuania). At the outset, Oriental Studies were almost naturally destined to be an ancillary to the exegesis of the Bible within the Baltic universities.

The Orientalists of the Baltic Region and the World Sinology

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